Words of the day: Law

LAW
Law is the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey (กฏหมาย)

• make a law  = officially be made a law (ออกกฏหมาย) (v)
  lawmaking =  officially be made a law (การออกกฏหมาย)(n)
• pass a law  = officially be made a law (ผ่านใช้กฏหมาย) (v)
  law-passing  = officially be made a law (ผ่านใช้กฏหมาย) (n)
• amend a law  = officially modify a law (แก้ไขกฏหมาย) (v)
  law amendments = The modification of law แก้ไขกฏหมาย (n) (read more at amendment)
• enforce a law = make people obey the law (บังคับใช้กฏหมาย) (v)
  law enforcement =  making people obey the law  (การบังคับใช้กฏหมาย) (n)
• break a law = do something illegal (ละเมิดกฏหมาย) (v)
  law breaking =doing something that is illegal (การละเมิดกฏหมาย) (n)

Example:

• Women put off divorce to benefit from Marriages Law Amendment. (read more)
• The Need for State and Local Immigration Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws. (read more)
• The president doesn't pass laws. Congress passes the laws, but the president is involved in the lawmaking process, too. (read more)
• Here is how Laws are Passed in Congress. (read more)

Related words/Phrase:
criminal law = กฎหมายอาญา
civil law = กฎหมายแพ่ง
international law = กฎหมายระหว่างประเทศ
tax/copyright/divorce etc law = all the laws about tax, copyright, divorce etc (กฏหมายเกี่ยวกับภาษี, ลิขสิทธ์, การหย่า เป็นต้น)

a rule/ a regulation = กฏ/กฏเกณฑ์
a resolution = มติ
a motion = ญัตติ
a bill = พระราชบัญญัติ

Law makers should not be a law breakers.
ผู้ออกกฏหมายไม่ควรละเมิดกฏหมาย

Law were made to be broken.
กฏหมายออกมาเพื่อให้ละเมิด

Reference (Book): American way of pronunciation by Setawit.

At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst.
Ref: www.brainyquote.com

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Exercise 3.8 : Put in other, the other,another as a determiner or a pronoun.

Exercise 3.8 : Put in other, the other,another as a determiner or a pronoun.

I used to have two tennis rackets, but I sold one to my friend and ____ to my cousin. Mary got two dresses for birthday. She gave one to her sister and kept ____ for herself. Bill also received four new records for his birthday. He liked one very much, but he didn't care for ___. Jim bought four tickets to the concert. He kept two for himself and his girlfriend and gave ___ to his brothers. A: Would you like ___ piece of of chocolate cake? B: No, thank you. I couldn't possibly eat ___ piece. I'm full. .      Answer:       I used to have two tennis rackets, but I sold one to my friend and the other to my cousin. Mary got two dresses for birthday. She gave one to her sister and kept the other for herself. Bill also received four new records for his birthday. He liked one very much, but he didn't care for the others. Jim bought four tickets to the concert. He kept two for himself and his girlfriend and gave the others to his brothers. A: Would you like another piece of of chocolate cake? B: No, thank you. I couldn't possibly eat the other piece. I'm full. .

Tips: one vs another vs other vs the other
another + singular non-specific countable noun
other + plural or uncountable non-specific noun
the other + specific noun (singular, plural, countable or uncountable)
one and the other refers to 2 things or 2 persons.
one, another, and the other refers to 3 things or 3 persons.
another = one more addition to the first mentioned one.
the other = the one remaining.

Example:

Three of my friends live in Boston. One is a doctor, another one is a dentist, and the other one doesn't have a job. The friend without a job's name is Craig. Craig needs a job. He also has another problem: he needs a new girlfriend. His last girlfriend left him because she met another man. The other man was rich and handsome. I told Craig not to worry about it; there are many other girls in the world.

If the weather doesn't change soon, we may have a drought in another part of the country.
If the weather doesn't change soon, we may have a drought in other parts of the country.

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

References :
http://www.englishcurrent.com/esl-materials-2/other-another-difference/
http://www.innovative-english.com/TEFLCD/lessons/tgram75.htm

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Exercise 3.7 Put in no, none, neither.

Exercise 3.7 Put in no, none, neither.

I've got ____ appetite. A: How many people did you meet? B: ____. There were two pictures on the wall. I like ___ of them. Tom and I didn't eat anything. ___ of us was hungry. The food in the freezer is completely spoilt; ___ of it is any good now.      Answer:       I've got no appetite. A: How many people did you meet? B: None. There were two pictures on the wall. I like none of them. Tom and I didn't eat anything. Neither of us was hungry. The food in the freezer is completely spoilt; none of it is any good now.

Tips:
both/both of + plural nouns + plural verb form
neither + singular nouns + singular verbs form
neither of + plural nouns + singular verbs form
either + singular nouns + singular verbs form
either of + plural nouns + singular verbs form
none of (not any) + plural nouns + plural verbs form
none of (not one) + plural nouns + singular verbs form

Note:
both/both of, either/either, neither/neither of use to refer to 2 persons or 2 things
both/both of means both or all of the 2.
either/either of means one of the two.
neither/neither of means none of the two.

none use to refer to no person or thing of the group (2 or more persons or things)

Example:
Both sisters are married.
Neither sister is married<
Neither of her sisters is married.
Either of them has go.
Either umbrella is yours.
We have three sons but none of them lives here.
We have two sons but neither of them lives here.
None of the engines are working. (Not any of the engines are working)
None of the food is fresh. (Not one of the food is fresh)


ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.6 Put in all, most and some

Exercise 3.6 Put in all, most and some.

We found ____ old pictures. ____ were damaged, but ____ were all right. You can have ____ of this cake but not ____ of it. She has lived in London ____ her life. A: Do you know those people? B: Most of them, but not ____ of them. When the electricity failed, ____ the lights in our house went out.      Answer:       We found all old pictures. most were damaged, but some were all right. You can have some of this cake but not all of it. She has lived in London all her life. A: Do you know those people? B: Most of them, but not all of them. When the electricity failed, all the lights in our house went out.

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.5: Put in both, either and neither as determiner or a pronouns.

Exercise 3.5: Put in both, either and neither as determiner or a pronouns.

Mary has got two sisters. ____ sisters are married. (nobody, anybody) There are two novels on the shelf. I don't like ____ of them. My friend and I didn't know the time because ____ of us had a watch. It was a very good football match. ____ team played well. Do you work or are you a student? ____ I've got a job as a waitress but I study too. I bought two new bags. Which one do you want? ____. It doesn't matter which one. I invited Marry and Sue to my party but ____ of them came. Which shirt do you prefer, this one or that one? I don't like ____ of them. Is your friend American or German? ____. She's Australian. Are your friends English or American? _____ are English.      Answer:       Mary has got two sisters. Both sisters are married. There are two novels on the shelf. I don't like either of them. My friend and I didn't know the time because Neither of us had a watch. It was a very good football match. Both team played well. Do you work or are you a student? Both. I've got a job as a waitress but I study too. I bought two new bags. Which one do you want? Either. It doesn't matter which one. I invited Marry and Sue to my party but neither of them came. Which shirt do you prefer, this one or that one? I don't like either of them. Is your friend American or German? Neither. She's Australian. Are your friends English or American? Both are English. .

Tips:
both/both of + plural nouns + plural verb form
neither + singular nouns + singular verbs form
neither of + plural nouns + singular verbs form
either + singular nouns + singular verbs form
either of + plural nouns + singular verbs form
none of (not any) + plural nouns + plural verbs form
none of (not one) + plural nouns + singular verbs form

Note:
both/both of, either/either, neither/neither of use to refer to 2 persons or 2 things
both/both of means both or all of the 2.
either/either of means one of the two.
neither/neither of means none of the two.

none use to refer to no person or thing of the group (2 or more persons or things)

Example:
Both sisters are married.
Neither sister is married<
Neither of her sisters is married.
Either of them has go.
Either umbrella is yours.
We have three sons but none of them lives here.
We have two sons but neither of them lives here.
None of the engines are working. (Not any of the engines are working)
None of the food is fresh. (Not one of the food is fresh)


ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.4: Complete the following sentences by choosing one of the indefinite pronouns in the brackets.

Exercise 3.4: Complete the following sentences by choosing one of the indefinite pronouns in the brackets.

I didn't meet ____ new. (nobody, anybody) That's very easy job. ____ can do it.(Anybody, Nobody, Somebody). ____ likes being poor.(Nobody, Somebody) It's all finished. I'm afraid there's ____ left.(something, nothing) It's too late. We can't do ____ to help. (nothing, anything). When the show finished there was complete silence. ____ clapped. (Everyone, No one, Someone) It was very disappointing. Absolutely ____ happened. (nothing, anything) Excuse me, you've dropped ____. (anything, nothing, something) Did you turn the oven off? I think I can smell ____ burning.(anything, nothing, something). _____ knew what to do next. (Anybody, Nobody)      Answer:       I didn't meet anybody new. (nobody, anybody) That's very easy job. Anybody can do it.(Anybody, Nobody, Somebody). Nobody likes being poor.(Nobody, Somebody) It's all finished. I'm afraid there's nothing left.(something, nothing) It's too late. We can't do anybody to help. (nothing, anything). When the show finished, there was complete silence. No one clapped. (Everyone, No one, Someone) It was very disappointing. Absolutely nothing happened. (nothing, anything) Excuse me, you've dropped something. (anything, nothing, something) Did you turn the oven off? I think I can smell something burning.(anything, nothing, something). Nobody knew what to do next. (Anybody, Nobody) .

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.3: Complete the answers to these questions using one or ones.

Exercise 3.3: Complete the answers to these questions using one or ones.

How many cars are there? Five. Three big ____ and two small ____. What color are they? There are two white ____ and three black ____. How many small cars are they? Two. A black ____ and a white ____. How many big cars are there? Three. Two white ____ and one black ____.      Answer:       How many cars are there? Five. Three big ones and two small ones. What color are they? There are two white ones and three black ones. How many small cars are they? Two. A black one and a white one. How many big cars are there? Three. Two white ones and one black one.

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.2 Complete the sentences by adding possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns

Exercise 3.2 Complete the sentences by adding possessive adjectives (my, his, her, etc.) or possessive pronouns(mine, his, hers, etc.).

Jack had ____ hair cut. (his, hers) It was his fault, not _____ (their, theirs). A: Is that bag Mary's B: I think it's ____.(her, hers) A: Is that Neil and David's car? B: Yes, it's ____.(his, their, theirs) Is that coffee ____ or mine (your, yours). He didn't have an umbrella, so she gave him ____. (her, hers) I gave him my address and he gave me ____. (his, hers) A honeybee has two wings on each side of ____ body. (its, it's, it) This hat is ____ (my, mine). The other one is ____ .(your, yours) _____ book is here. (Her, Hers) _____ is over there. (Your, Yours)      Answer:       Jack had his hair cut. (his, hers) It was his fault, not theirs (their, theirs). A: Is that bag Mary's B: I think it's hers.(her, hers) A: Is that Neil and David's car? B: Yes, it's theirs.(his, their, theirs) Is that coffee yours or mine (your, yours). He didn't have an umbrella, so she gave him hers. (her, hers) I gave him my address and he gave me his. (his, hers) A honeybee has two wings on each side of its body. (its, it's, it) This hat is mine (my, mine). The other one is yours .(your, yours) Her book is here. (Her, Hers) Yours is over there. (Your, Yours)

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำนำหน้านามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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Exercise 3.1 Complete these sentences with appropriate reflexive pronouns.

Exercise 3.1 Complete these sentences with appropriate reflexive pronouns.

Rita cut ____ while she was chopping vegetables. A: Did your secretary answer the phone? B: No, I _____ answered it. His wife told a lie. She should be ashamed of _____. We faxed the report to him ______. No one agrees with him. He is all by ____ on that issue. No one will help them. They will have to do everything ____. I, ____, wouldn't think of taking such a position. Did they pay for ____ or did yo pay for them?. Don't pay for me. I want to pay for ____. The town _____ was so small that it didn't have a bank.      Answer:       Rita cut herself while she was chopping vegetables. A: Did your secretary answer the phone? B: No, I myself answered it. His wife told a lie. She should be ashamed of herself. We faxed the report to him ourselves. No one agrees with him. He is all by himself on that issue. No one will help them. They will have to do everything themselves. I, myself, wouldn't think of taking such a position. Did they pay for themselves or did yo pay for them?. Don't pay for me. I want to pay for myself. The town itself was so small that it didn't have a bank.

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคำสรรพนามที่ Pronouns (คำสรรพนาม)

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